SYLLABUS OF GRADE XII - GEOGRAPHY (GE1212)

INSTRUCTIONS:

  • This syllabus is divided into two Parts: A and B.
  • Separate instructions are given with each unit.
 

UNIT

AREA COVERED

MARKS

PART A

FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

UNIT 1

HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

8

UNIT 2

PEOPLE PERIODS

8

UNIT 3

HUMAN ACTIVITIES

10

UNIT 4

TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION & TRADE

10

UNIT 5

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

8

UNIT 6

MAP WORK

6

PART B

INDIA: PEOPLE AND ECONOMY

UNIT 1

PEOPLE

6

UNIT 2

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

8

UNIT 3

RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT

15

UNIT 4

TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE

8

UNIT 5

GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS

8

UNIT 6

MAP WORK

5

TOTAL MARKS

100                TIME: 3 HOURS

PART A : FUNDAMENTALS OF HUMAN GEOGRAPHY

UNIT 1. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY.(08 MARKS)

Nature and Scope Periods

 

 
UNIT 2. PEOPLE PERIODS(08 MARKS)

Population — distribution, density and growth

Population change-spatial patterns and structure; determinants of population change;

Age-sex ratio; rural-urban composition;

Human development – concept; selected indicators, international comparisons

 
 
UNIT 3. HUMAN ACTIVITIES(10 MARKS)

Primary activities – concept and changing trends; gathering, pastoral, mining, subsistence Agriculture, modern agriculture; people engaged in agricultural and allied activities – some, Examples from selected countries.

Secondary activities-concept; manufacturing: types – household, small scale, large scale; Agro based and mineral based industries; people engaged in secondary activities – some Examples from selected countries.

Tertiary activities-concept; trade, transport and communication; services; people engaged in tertiary activities – some examples from selected countries

Quaternary activities-concept; knowledge based industries; people engaged in quaternary Activities – some examples from selected countries

 

UNIT 4. TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION AND TRADE(10 MARKS)

Land transport – roads, railways; trans-continental railways.

Water transport- inland waterways; major ocean routes.

Air transport- Intercontinental air routes.

Oil and gas pipelines.

Satellite communication and cyber space.

International trade-Bases and changing patterns; ports as gateways of international trade, role of WTO in International trade.

 

 
UNIT 5. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS(8 MARKS)

Settlement types – rural and urban; morphology of cities (case study); distribution of mega Cities; problems of human settlements in developing countries.

 

 
UNIT 6. MAP WORK(6 MARKS)

Map Work on identification of features based on above units on the outline Political map of World.

 

PART B : INDIA: PEOPLE AND ECONOMY

UNIT 1. PEOPLE(06 MARKS)

Broad overview:

  • Population: distribution, density and growth; composition of population – linguistic,
  • Religious; Sex, rural-urban and occupational– population change through time and regional variations;
  • Migration: international, national-causes and consequences;
  • Human development: selected indicators and regional patterns;
  • Population, environment and development.
 
 
UNIT 2. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS(08 MARKS)

Broad Overview:

  • Rural settlements – types and distribution
  • Urban settlements – types, distribution and functional classification.

 

 
UNIT 3. RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT(06 MARKS)

Broad Overview:

  • Land resources- general land use; agricultural land use, Geographical conditions and Distribution of major crops (Wheat, Rice, Tea, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, Sugarcane and Rubber), agricultural development and problems.
  • Water resources-availability and utilization-irrigation, domestic, industrial and other uses; Scarcity of water and conservation methods-rain water harvesting and watershed Management (one case study related with participatory watershed management to be Introduced).
  • Mineral and energy resources- distribution of metallic (Ironers, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese); non-metallic (Mica, Salt) minerals; conventional (Coal, Petroleum, Natural Gas and Hydro electricity) and non-conventional energy sources (solar, wind, biogas) and Conservation.
  • Industries – types, factors of industrial location; distribution and changing pattern of selected Industries-iron and steel, cotton textiles, sugar, petrochemicals, and knowledge based Industries; impact of liberalization, privatization and globalization on industrial location; Industrial clusters.
  • Planning in India- target area planning (case study); idea of sustainable development (case Study).

 

 
UNIT 4. TRANSPORT, COMMUNICATION AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE(08 MARKS)

Broad Overview:

  • Transport and communication-roads, railways, waterways and airways: oil and gas Pipelines; national electric grids; communication net workings – radio, television, satellite and internet
  • International trade- changing pattern of India’s foreign trade; sea ports and their hinterland and airports

 

 
UNIT 5. GEOGRAPHICAL PERSPECTIVE ON SELECTED ISSUES AND PROBLEMS (ONE CASE STUDY TO BE INTRODUCED FOR EACH TOPIC)(08 MARKS)

Environmental pollution; urban-waste disposal.

Urbanization, rural-urban migration; problems of slums.

Land Degradation.

 

 
UNIT 6. MAP WORK(05 MARKS)

Map work on locating and labeling of features based on above Units on outline political map of India